French Sister States

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Heads of Italy

Italian Personalities

Rome

Name - Stati Uniti d'Italia (Italian) / Siedignene Drxave Italie (Slavo-Dalmatian) / (Italo-Albanian)

Continent - Europe

Capital - Rome

Head of state - National Council (collective)

Head of government - Consul for General Affairs ---------

Legislature - Tribunate (initiative), National Consulta (decision)

President of the Tribunate -

President of the National Consulta -

Conserving body - Ephorate

President of the Ephorate -

Judiciary - Permanent Tribunal

President of the Permanent Tribunal -

Form of government - Federal republic under a democratic confidential consular constitution

Form of law - Cambacérès Code

Demonym - Italian

Area -

Largest cities

-Milan

-Naples

-Rome

Time zone - TMP+00:00

Currency - Italian lira

Language - Italian, Slavo-Dalmatian, Italo-Albanian

Population -

Density -

National festival - Anniversary of the Unification (August 27) - commemorating the Capture of Rome (1848)

Anthem - Il Canto degli Italiani

Motto - Dio e popolo

-based on combining French flag with Roman flag

-ceremonial body

-1 from each state

-appoints the Consuls and that's it

-there is a Consul of General Affairs, Consul of the Interior, and Consul of the Exterior

-conducts executive affairs along with an appointed Council of State

-Consul of General Affairs leads the government itself

-elected by the whole people

-proposes laws, submitted to the National Consulta with 1/4 support

-consuls are ex officio members

-predates the full unification of Italy as it had served as general assembly of Italian confederation

-elected by the whole people

-enacts laws

-set number appointed from within list for unusually long term

-determines the constitutionality of laws

-assembly which even predates the full unification

-also, cases of accusation are submitted to it

-as with France, all officeholders unless civil servants have to be eligibles

-also laws which constitute Ephorate have to anoint people from eligibles

-officially the Roman Constitutional Catholic Church

-but often known as the "Mazzinian Church" abroad

-and it has ambitions of becoming a world church with only some success

-split grown from deep sense of nationalism

-strongest in

-Liguria

-Piedmont

-Aosta Valley

-Friulia

-Roman Republic

-Etruria

-Bononia

-Abruzzo

-Naples

-deeply shaped by Mazzinian ideology

-Godliness shaped by the nation

-and to incalculate man with a sense of duty and social solidarity

-and to unify the people as a nation

-daily pledge of duties of man

President of the Constitutional College of Cardinals: Italo Biagini

-massively weakened and now only a minority of Italians are Roman Catholic

-with the papacy having been forced into exile

-strongest in south and Venetia

-however patchy in both

-in particular Naples and Sicily are very Independent Catholic

-liberation of Jews deeply associated with Italian nationalism

-and liberation comes wherever Italian armies come

-continues further under Heads of Italy > 1854-1863 Giuseppe Mazzini (Young Italy)

-who further enshrines Jewish liberation as part of Italian nationalism

-also a considerable Jewish minority grows in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

-Genoa

-Piedmont

-Tuscany

-Parma+Modena

-Milan + mantua + part of venice

-milan was overrun by french troops in 1798, so was venice west of adige

-following a few attempts, decisively established in 1849, pope flees to madrid

-declared in roman forum, takes full advantage of roman legacy

-but papal properties and vatican reserved for papacy, holy see recognized as corporation

-pope officially granted power of foreign sovereign, made unamendable

-nonetheless, pope still refuses to accept this

-made worse when italian nationalists throw body of deceased pope into the tiber

-eventually, pope makes return in early 20th century, escapes associationist revolution in spain

-invaded rep of lucca, made it into modern republic

-Naples

-got invaded in 1820s and then revolutionized, but then it got overthrown by lazzaroni and rome gets retaken too

-then gets invaded again in 1840s and revolutionized again

-due to federalism, does economically better, also naples becomes major industrial centre

-Sicily

-was british-aligned, including having a liberal constitution for a bit that got removed

-invaded in 1829 following peace with britain, then revolutionized

-Sardinia

-invaded due to antifeudal revolt in 1820s, initially britain beat it then post revolution it returned

-Bologna

-invaded in 1820s then republicanized

-Graubunden + valtellina + tessin

-following partition of rhodanic republic between france and italy, three leagues and tessin amalgamated into italy

-Venice

-Formed out of Venetian Republic east of adige river

-Named in contrast to oligarchical Venetian Republic

-Formed out of Venetian Republic

-Held strong French military presence

-Italian and Croatian co-official, but Italian predominant thanks to existing large Italian minority, internal migration, and urbanization

-Formed out of Venetian Republic

-Held strong French military presence

-was invaded in 1840s by croats, they gave very bad impression even to local croats, then by end of war was retaken

-according to census, was 33% italian upon formation, got higher due to migration and urbanization

-due to croats and italians both being catholic, acculturation eased

-was not part of nation-building process in croatia

-Italian and Illyrian (local south slavic dialect in venetian-style orthography) co-official, Italian predominant but not to Istrian extent

-Growing French influence led to it being forced to shed its policy of strict neutrality in favour of integration

-then was democratized

-Rector, in power for a year (formerly a month), is purely ceremonial head of state and is typically an administrative judge

-Great Council was forcibly democratized, now it is house of legislative decision

-Small Council now executive branch of government

-Senate, consisting of Small Council, former Small Council, former Rectors, and national list members, now house of legislative proposal

-Former Small Council are now the official opposition, former Rectors now make up a judicial committee that serves as an administrative court

-venetian albania made separate republic

-(Malta)

-Established by overthrowing the Knights Hospitaller rule

-Italian, Maltese co-official but after a long period of language attrition